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海地抗震救灾：信息、资源及援助方式。

Manam Volcano, just off the coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, released a faint plume on June 28, 2009. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) onboard NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this photo-like image of the volcano the same day. Bright white clouds hover over the volcano’s summit. Clouds often collect over peaks, but these clouds could result from water vapor released by the volcano. Slightly darker in color, a pale blue-gray plume blows west-northwest from the summit and over the Bismarck Sea.

马来姆火山(Manam Volcano)，位于巴布亚新几内亚海岸线不远处，在2009年7月28日释放出淡淡的烟。在NASA的地球观察者1号(Earth Observing-1 )卫星上，先进的陆地成像仪捕捉到这一火山爆发的画面。明亮的烟云悬浮在火山山顶，一些云经常会在山顶聚集，但这些烟云是由于火山爆发时所产生的水汽所形成的。在颜色上稍微有些浅，山顶上的淡淡的蓝灰色烟云向俾斯麦海的西北方向的飘去。

Manam is one of Papua New Guinea’s most active volcanoes, and it has occasionally caused casualties, including 13 deaths from a pyroclastic flow in December 1996, and four deaths from a mudflow in March 2007. Large eruptions in late 2004 forced the evacuation of the entire island.

马来姆(Manam)是巴布亚新几内亚最活跃的火山，时常会造成人员伤亡。在1996年12月的火山灰流造成13人死亡，2007年4人死亡。2004年后期的大规模火山爆发，迫使全岛居民撤离。

注释：
Manam根据音译，翻译成马来姆；Earth Observing-1，翻译为地球观察者1号

参考文章
马来姆火山(Manam Volcano)

A terrible dust storm raged through Iraq in the first week of July 2009. According to news reports, many Iraqis considered the storm to be the worst in living memory. Hundreds of people reported to the hospital for respiratory distress, and the blowing dust interfered with air and land travel for nearly a week.

2009年7月的第一个星期，一场极坏的沙尘暴狂袭伊拉克。根据新闻报道，许多伊拉克人们认为这是在他们有生之年最严重的一次，几百人由于呼吸道疾病被送往医院接受治疗，这一周沙尘暴也妨碍了空中和地面的交通运输。

This natural-color (photo-like) image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite shows the area at the height of the storm, on July 5. In places the dust is only a veil, and the landscape below is recognizable. Parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are visible. In other places, however, the dust is a thick blanket, completely blocking the ground from view. The city of Baghdad is hidden. An animation of images from July 1–6 shows the spread of the dust.

这张照片来自于NASA的卫星Aqua上的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)，显示伊拉克受灾最严重的地区。在某些地方，沙尘暴不是很严重。底格里斯河(Tigris)和幼发拉底河(Euphrates)流经的几处可以看见。而在其他几处，沙尘暴很严重，就像厚厚的毯子，完全遮挡了视线，例如巴格达完全看不见了。这段视频可以看到7月份里面前六天沙尘暴的变化。

July and August are the hottest months of the year in Iraq. Temperatures can reach more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit. From mid-June through September, a northwest wind—the shamal—blows almost constantly. Periodically, the winds intensify to the 15 knots (about 17 mph) generally required to whisk dust off the ground. A drought has dried out wetlands and other pockets of moisture in the arid country, which increases the number of places where the shamal can pick up dust. The resulting dust storms can last for days.

7月和八月是伊拉克一年之中最热的时候。最高温度可以超过120华氏度(48摄氏度)。从6月中旬到9月，西北风—夏马风(the shamal)持续地吹，风速可达15海里每小时(17英里每小时，1海里=1.150英里=1.852千米公里)，扫帚般把沙尘卷离地面。再加上一些沼泽地和小型湿地的干旱，增加了夏马风肆虐的程度，导致持续数天的沙尘暴。

参考文章

沙尘暴袭击伊拉克(Dust Storm Over Iraq)